BDSM practitioner Madelaine Thomas embodies not at all your typical tech founder. After repeated instances of individuals leaking her private explicit images, she was "sufficiently outraged to do something about it" and looked to tech solutions for answers.
"Those were striking images, I'm not ashamed of the pictures, I'm ashamed of the manner that they were used against me by an individual who I don't know," stated Madelaine.
Just over a year after launching her venture, Image Angel, which employs covert digital tracking to identify abusers, has won several awards and was recommended as exemplary procedure in an independent pornography review earlier this year.
This marks a significant shift from her background in offering consensual sexual encounters, dominating clients in the world of kink and bondage.
The non-consensual sharing of private images, commonly known as image-based abuse, is a criminal offence with perpetrators risking two years in prison.
It is far from an issue exclusively faced by those in the adult entertainment sector. A study suggests that approximately 1.42% of the UK female population is impacted by this form of abuse each year.
Madelaine, 37, said victims lived with feelings of humiliation. "In my view a lot of people will say, 'you shared a private image out on the internet, what do you expect?'," she said.
"I expect respect, I expect respect, and I expect trust, and I fail to understand why those are up for debate," she continued. "The reality that those images could be then shared where I live or with my loved ones and employed to cause them pain, that's beyond, that's not my choice, that's not an error on my part, that's someone being an abuser."
Madelaine has been working as a professional dominatrix, primarily online, for 10 years and always found her work liberating and satisfying. "It's me as a woman in control, a woman who is confident and powerful, giving my body as a treat to someone of my own volition," she described.
"Some believe it's strange but I don't see it any differently to a nutritionist or an financial advisor providing a service," she remarked.
She welcomes being a unique figure in the world of tech. "I understand that it's unconventional, it's crazy to think that an individual who was a dominatrix is now a founder of a technology firm, but it required someone who has been through it to know the loopholes and the changes that were necessary," she stated.
She insisted she was not technically inclined and was able to build her company after many sleepless nights, investigation and "consulting experts" who understand tech.
Image Angel can be used by any digital service where people share images, for instance social connection apps, social media and websites.
When an image is accessed by a user, it is seamlessly tagged with an invisible forensic watermark which is unique to them.
This covert marker is encoded within the digital file of the image itself and can withstand screenshots, being altered and being re-captured with a different camera.
It means that if you find out your image has been circulated without your consent, providing the service you posted it on has the technology embedded, the sharer's information will be hidden within the image and can be extracted by a forensic expert so action can be taken.
To date, one service has adopted her tech and she's in discussions with many others.
"This technology is already in use in Hollywood, it is employed in sports broadcasting so this is not brand new technology, it's just a new application and a new system," explained Madelaine.
"We have validated it, we're partnering with a company that has 30 years experience in developing technology so we are confident that this is solid and what we now need to do is deploy it widely," she added.
She expressed hope she believed the technology would also act as a preventive measure to would-be perpetrators.
An advocate from a support service said she had seen first-hand the panic, distress and self-blame this abuse caused for victims.
"If that self-blame is reinforced by a misinformed friend or service who says 'what did you expect?' that self blame can really be deepened so it's really important that the response somebody is provided with is that they have committed no error," she emphasized.
She added it was inspiring that Madelaine was using her experience to bring about change, saying: "It is vital to have this multi-layered approach towards addressing tech facilitated abuse, because a single solution is going to be able to tackle this alone, not just support services, it needs to be this integrated effort."
TV presenter Jess Davies was only fifteen when photographs of her in a state of undress were circulated within her local community. It was the beginning of multiple violations Jess endured in her youth that would later inform her advocacy work.
"It required years, too long for someone to say to me, 'it wasn't your fault' and 'that was wrong'," recalled Jess.
She too is passionate about eliminating the shame of intimate image abuse from the survivors to the perpetrators. "There is no offence to willingly share an image to someone," stated Jess.
"But it is a crime to distribute that without consent and I think that should invariably be where the blame is," she concluded.
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